Understanding
Traumatic biomechanics is the study of the incidence of
injury to a particular type of violence or accident. For example, people
falling from a motorcycle will cause different injuries compared with people
who were hit by a car.
Traumatic biomesias are important to know because they will
help in:
- The consequences will be generated
- Be aware of the type of injury caused by trauma.
While the type of injury can be divided into visible surface
(visible) for example, wounds on the outside. And injuries that cannot be seen
directly, eg internal organ injuries. The organs in the body can be divided
into:
- Hollow organs (solid, solid), eg: liver, spleen, lung,
brain - Hollow organs such as intestines
Treat the organs in the event of an injury mechanism:
a. Direct injury
For example, the head beaten hammer. The scalp may tear and
cause external bleeding, the bone of the head may be cracked or broken, or may
result in bleeding in the brain
b. Injury due to retarding force (deceleration)
For example, a motorcyclist had a traffic accident that hit
a tree. After the body stops in the tree, the internal organs will still move
forward in their respective cavities. The heart will be detached from its bond
(aorta) and aortic rupture occurs. The intestines will tear apart from the
mesentery and so on.
c. Injury due to acceleration force (acceleration)
For example: motorists hit from behind.
d. Compression injury (paper bag effect)
For example: children's toy is a blowing paper bag, then
closed, then hit to get explosive effect. This can also occur in cavity organs
that can be ruptured by pressure
Car Crashes
Collisions can occur by:
a. From front (frontal)
- Phase 1
The bottom of the patient is shifted forward, usually the
knee will hit the dashboard. Thigh bone will hold the bebab too heavy
consequence if not strong hold can cause broken.
The hip joint is pushed backward, if it is not strong enough
to withstand the burden, the hip joint may escape from its bowl.
- Phase 2
The top of the patient also shifts forward, in this phase
the chest or stomach will hit the steering wheel. Under these circumstances
chances are that the injury may be chest or abdomen, depending on the steering
wheel of the vehicle there where (the type of car).
If a small car may be exposed to the chest, if the car is
likely to affect its stomach, may also be chest and abdominal injury, in this
case the helper should be careful in doing the examination.
- Phase 3
The body of the patient will go up, then to hit the
windshield. In this phase that should be suspected is the injury in the head or
neck of the patient
- Phase 4
Patients bounce back to the seat. In this phase the
possibility of injury resulting from a vertebral fracture (from the cervical
bone to the sacrum). In the type of vehicle that does not wear headbands (head
rest) should be careful possible injury whips (whiplash injury) on the neck
bone. While the most severe possibility in this phase of the patient can bounce
off the vehicle, and more serious injuries (multi trauma)
b. From behind
c. From the side (lateral)
Frequent side collisions at crossroads with no traffic
signs. Injuries that can occur on the side of the vehicle hit, which can be
from head to toe depending on the type of vehicle that crashed and who was hit.
d. Reversed
A slowly reversed vehicle and the driver or passenger on a
seat belt rarely suffer serious injuries, as with a roll over vehicle,
especially if the passenger does not wear a seat belt, can result in injury in
all parts (multi trauma). In handling such cases should be more careful because
all parts can be injured both visible and invisible. On the incident
with the vehicle upside down to watch out for are spinal
cord injuries and internal organ injuries.
Vehicle Protection Tool
1. Seat belts
This seat belt has been proven to be very helpful to the
passengers, seat belts can reduce injury, disability or death caused by
accidents in the vehicle. Although wearing a belt does not mean to avoid
injury, the possibility of injury still exists, but wearing a seat belt can
reduce the injury caused by collisions or accidents especially in the use of
the seat belt is wrong or not in place.
Use of seat belts on a car vehicle
commonly used are three points ie one point in the shoulder
area, two points in the left and right pelvic region. If there is a four-point,
two dots on the left and two on the right, on the right, while on an airplane
the seat belt is usually worn with two dots attached to the pelvis, and also
the four points commonly used by pilots fighter. The use of a proper seat belt
can still cause injury, especially if pemakainnya wrong.
For example, if the use is wrong, the seat belt is installed
in the stomach, then the stomach of soft organ can be ruptured, due to the
pressure of the safety belt (seat belt). Removing the seat belt should also be
careful, do not let go immediately, because the seat belt itself can be a
tampon in the event of bleeding caused by the impact with the coir. If you open
it suddenly the seat belt that has been as a tampon and bleeding already hooked
up can be open again and there will be re-bleeding.
Vehicles traveling at 60 km / h, if the frontal collision
and rider do not use seat belts, then a rider will hit the front of the
vehicle, tantamount to the person feel free from the 3rd floor of the building.
2. Head rest (headrests)
The headrest is now standard equipment in the car. The use
of the backrest is as a support / holding the head so that the neck is not
injured. The use of the headrests should also be correct in position, if not
true headrests could hurt the neck passengers. For example, headrests mounted
not exactly on the back of the head but mounted under the head just at the back
of the neck, in the event of a head collision nobody hold, while the neck stuck
by the back, consequently the neck to be injured.
3. Air bag (airbag)
Air bag is currently only in luxury cars, in the form of an
airbag placed at the centre of the wheel and will expand if there is a frontal
collision. In some types of vehicles there are currently airbags located on the
side that will expand during impact from the side.
The front air bag develops when it is frontal, can cause
injuries such as fracture of the arm, injury to the face, injury to the eyes
for wearing glasses and so on, while the air bag on the side will expand when
the impact from the side. Possible injuries to the side from head to toe,
depending on which direction the impact and what part of the body is affected.
Must be careful to help the patient whose water bag is not
open yet, not to inflate at an unwanted moment. To avoid this the way is to
turn off the electric current on the vehicle (the engine is turned off). In the
water bag itself there is a powder that melaluri water bag, which functions to
make the water bag does not occur adhesive, the powder is very irritative,
especially in people who are sensitive to powder, if untouched rinse with clean
water.
Trauma Biomechanics in Motor Beam
There are 3 ways that often occur at the time of accident:
1. Frontal collision
At the frontal collision, the driver will hit the front.
Both limbs will hit the handlebars, which may cause the fracture of one or both
thighs or lower leg bones. After that the driver will experience a "free
fall", with injuries that cannot be predicted.
2. Collision from the side
Usually what happens here will knock is the foot first,
after which the driver will bounce with the type of injury that cannot predict
/ prediction.
3. Sliding down the bike (shifted)
In the event of a collision, the driver deliberately
(professional) or accidentally pressed his bike down, so the bike will speed
and the driver behind him. This causes the slightest injury, but injuries to
soft tissue can be very heavy if the biker does not wear a thick jacket and
pants. This traumatic wound does not cause death.
Vehicle Protection Tool
1. Seat belts
This seat belt has been proven to be very helpful to the
passengers, seat belts can reduce injury, disability or death caused by
accidents in the vehicle. Although wearing a belt does not mean to avoid
injury, the possibility of injury still exists, but wearing a seat belt can
reduce the injury caused by collisions or accidents especially in the use of
the seat belt is wrong or not in place.
Use of seat belts on a car vehicle
commonly used are three points ie one point in the shoulder
area, two points in the left and right pelvic region. If there is a four-point,
two dots on the left and two on the right, on the right, while on an airplane
the seat belt is usually worn with two dots attached to the pelvis, and also
the four points commonly used by pilot’s fighter. The use of a proper seat belt
can still cause injury, especially if pemakainnya wrong.
For example, if the use is wrong, the seat belt is installed
in the stomach, then the stomach of soft organ can be ruptured, due to the
pressure of the safety belt (seat belt). Removing the seat belt should also be
careful, do not let go immediately, because the seat belt itself can be a
tampon in the event of bleeding caused by the impact with the coir. If you open
it suddenly the seat belt that has been as a tampon and bleeding already hooked
up can be open again and there will be re-bleeding.
Vehicles traveling at 60 km / h, if the frontal collision
and rider do not use seat belts, then a rider will hit the front of the
vehicle, tantamount to the person feel free from the 3rd floor of the building.
2. Head rest (headrests)
The headrest is now standard equipment in the car. The
use of the backrest is as a support / holding the head so that the neck is not
injured. The use of the headrests should also be correct in position, if not
true headrests could hurt the neck passengers. For example, headrests mounted
not exactly on the back of the head but mounted under the head just at the back
of the neck, in the event of a head collision nobody hold, while the neck stuck
by the back, consequently the neck to be injured.
3. Air bag (airbag)
Air bag is currently only in luxury cars, in the form of an
airbag placed at the center of the wheel and will expand if there is a frontal
collision. In some types of vehicles there are currently airbags located on the
side that will expand during impact from the side.
The front air bag develops when it is frontal, can cause
injuries such as fracture of the arm, injury to the face, injury to the eyes
for wearing glasses and so on, while the air bag on the side will expand when
the impact from the side. Possible injuries to the side from head to toe,
depending on which direction the impact and what part of the body is affected.
Must be careful to help the patient whose water bag is not open
yet, not to inflate at an unwanted moment. To avoid this the way is to turn off
the electric current on the vehicle (the engine is turned off). In the water
bag itself there is a powder that melaluri water bag, which functions to make
the water bag does not occur adhesive, the powder is very irritative,
especially in people who are sensitive to powder, if untouched rinse with clean
water.
Protective equipment on motor vehicles
a. Helmets
- The type of helmet should be correct
- Usage must be correct
- Be careful when removing
b. Water jacket bag
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